1. TypeScript 类型系统
1.1 关键类型工具
// 接口与类型别名
interface User {
id: string;
name: string;
email: string;
role: 'admin' | 'user' | 'guest';
}
type UserInput = Omit<User, 'id'>;
type UserUpdate = Partial<User>;
type UserResponse = Pick<User, 'id' | 'name'>;
// 泛型函数
async function fetchApi<T>(url: string): Promise<T> {
const res = await fetch(url);
return res.json() as Promise<T>;
}
const user = await fetchApi<User>('/api/users/1');
// 条件类型
type IsString<T> = T extends string ? true : false;
type A = IsString<'hello'>; // true
type B = IsString<123>; // false
// 映射类型
type ReadonlyUser = { readonly [K in keyof User]: User[K] };
1.2 严格模式配置
{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "ES2022",
"module": "NodeNext",
"moduleResolution": "NodeNext",
"strict": true,
"esModuleInterop": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"resolveJsonModule": true,
"declaration": true,
"declarationMap": true,
"sourceMap": true,
"outDir": "./dist",
"rootDir": "./src"
},
"include": ["src/**/*"],
"exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
}
2. Clean Architecture
src/
├── domain/ # 核心业务逻辑（不依赖外部）
│ ├── entities/ # 实体
│ └── repositories/ # 仓库接口
│
├── application/ # 应用层
│ ├── services/ # 业务服务
│ └── dto/ # 数据传输对象
│
├── infrastructure/ # 基础设施
│ ├── db/ # 数据库实现
│ ├── http/ # 路由/控制器
│ └── cache/ # 缓存实现
│
└── main.ts # 入口，组装依赖
// domain/repositories/user.repository.interface.ts
export interface IUserRepository {
findById(id: string): Promise<User | null>;
save(user: User): Promise<void>;
}
// infrastructure/db/prisma-user.repository.ts
export class PrismaUserRepository implements IUserRepository {
constructor(private prisma: PrismaClient) {}
async findById(id: string): Promise<User | null> {
const user = await this.prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { id } });
return user ? new User(user) : null;
}
async save(user: User): Promise<void> {
await this.prisma.user.upsert({
where: { id: user.id },
update: user.toPrisma(),
create: user.toPrisma()
});
}
}
3. Docker 多阶段构建
# 构建阶段
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json tsconfig.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY src ./src
RUN npm run build
# 生产阶段
FROM node:20-alpine AS production
WORKDIR /app
ENV NODE_ENV=production
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production && npm cache clean --force
COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
USER node
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "dist/main.js"]
延伸阅读
继续阅读
探索更多技术文章
浏览归档，发现更多关于系统设计、工具链和工程实践的内容。