Defold 测试与持续集成

值得测：
- 伤害计算公式、掉落概率表
- 背包增删改查与容量规则
- 存档序列化与版本迁移
- 状态机流转（idle → run → jump）
- 数值配置的合法性（如概率之和为 1）

不值得测：
- 引擎 API 本身（go.set_position 等）
- 纯展示逻辑（UI 摆放）
- 一次性工具脚本

1. 依赖注入：模块不 require 引擎全局，需要什么从参数传进来
2. 无副作用：纯函数输入输出明确，不读写全局状态
3. 时间可注入：把 os.time() 当作参数传入，方便测试时间相关逻辑

-- 不推荐：逻辑与引擎混在一起，无法单元测试
function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
    if message_id == hash("damage") then
        self.hp = self.hp - message.amount
        if self.hp <= 0 then
            go.delete()                             -- 依赖引擎
            msg.post("/score", "add", { n = 100 })  -- 依赖引擎
        end
    end
end

-- modules/combat.lua  纯 Lua，无引擎依赖
local M = {}

-- 返回：新血量、是否死亡、是否触发击退
function M.apply_damage(hp, amount, armor)
    local real = math.max(1, amount - (armor or 0))
    local new_hp = hp - real
    return new_hp, new_hp <= 0, real >= 10
end

function M.apply_heal(hp, max_hp, amount)
    return math.min(max_hp, hp + amount)
end

return M

-- 脚本里只做胶水层
local combat = require("modules.combat")

function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
    if message_id == hash("damage") then
        local hp, dead, knockback = combat.apply_damage(self.hp, message.amount, self.armor)
        self.hp = hp
        if knockback then
            go.set_position(go.get_position() + vmath.vector3(0, 10, 0))
        end
        if dead then
            go.delete()
            msg.post("/score", "add", { n = 100 })
        end
    end
end

-- modules/session.lua
local M = {}

-- clock 默认用 os.time，测试时可传入假时钟
function M.new(clock)
    return { clock = clock or os.time, start = nil }
end

function M.begin(s)
    s.start = s.clock()
end

function M.elapsed(s)
    if not s.start then return 0 end
    return s.clock() - s.start
end

return M

-- 测试时传一个可控时钟
local fake_time = 1000
local session = session_mod.new(function() return fake_time end)
session_mod.begin(session)
fake_time = 1042
assert(session_mod.elapsed(session) == 42)

luarocks install busted

modules/
  combat.lua
  inventory.lua
tests/
  spec/
    combat_spec.lua
  .busted          ← 配置：告诉 busted 到哪里找模块

-- tests/.busted
return {
  default = {
    ROOT = { "tests/spec" },
    lpath = "./modules/?.lua;./?.lua",
    pattern = "_spec",
  },
}

-- tests/spec/combat_spec.lua
local combat = require("combat")

describe("combat.apply_damage", function()
    it("普通伤害扣血", function()
        local hp, dead = combat.apply_damage(100, 20, 0)
        assert.are.equal(80, hp)
        assert.is_false(dead)
    end)

    it("护甲减伤至少扣 1 点", function()
        local hp = combat.apply_damage(100, 5, 999)
        assert.are.equal(99, hp)
    end)

    it("血量归零判定死亡", function()
        local hp, dead = combat.apply_damage(10, 50, 0)
        assert.is_true(dead)
        assert.is_true(hp <= 0)
    end)

    it("高伤害触发击退", function()
        local _, _, knockback = combat.apply_damage(100, 30, 0)
        assert.is_true(knockback)
    end)
end)

describe("combat.apply_heal", function()
    it("治疗不超过上限", function()
        assert.are.equal(100, combat.apply_heal(80, 100, 50))
    end)
end)

busted tests/spec/combat_spec.lua
# ●●●●●●
# 5 successes / 0 failures / 0 errors / 0 pending

luarocks install luacov
busted --coverage
luacov
# modules/combat.lua    100.00%
# modules/inventory.lua  87.50%

java -jar bob.jar \
  --root . \
  --archive \
  --platform x86_64-linux \
  --variant headless \
  --bundle-output build/headless \
  resolve build

./build/headless/dmengine \
  --config=bootstrap.main_collection=/tests/test_main.collection \
  --config=display.width=320 \
  --config=display.height=240

-- tests/test_runner.script
local passed, failed = 0, 0

local function check(name, cond)
    if cond then
        passed = passed + 1
        print("[PASS]", name)
    else
        failed = failed + 1
        print("[FAIL]", name)
    end
end

function init(self)
    check("world 初始化", world.init() == true)
    check("玩家生成", world.spawn_player() ~= nil)
    self.frames = 0
end

function update(self, dt)
    self.frames = self.frames + 1
    world.step(dt)
    if self.frames >= 120 then
        check("玩家未越界", world.player_in_bounds())
        print(string.format("[RESULT] passed=%d failed=%d", passed, failed))
        -- 用退出码反馈给 CI
        sys.exit(failed == 0 and 0 or 1)
    end
end

# 官方构建服务（推荐，跟随稳定版）
curl -O https://d.defold.com/stable/bob/bob.jar

java -jar bob.jar \
  --root . \
  --archive \
  --platform x86_64-macos \
  --variant release \
  --bundle-output build/macos \
  resolve build bundle

# ci.settings
[project]
version = 1.4.2

[bootstrap]
main_collection = /main/main.collection

java -jar bob.jar --settings ci.settings --archive --platform js-web --variant release resolve build bundle

name: Build
on:
  push:
    tags: ["v*"]

jobs:
  build:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        include:
          - platform: x86_64-win32
            format: zip
          - platform: x86_64-linux
            format: zip
          - platform: js-web
            format: html5
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
        with:
          distribution: temurin
          java-version: "17"

      - name: Download bob
        run: curl -fO https://d.defold.com/stable/bob/bob.jar

      - name: Build
        run: |
          java -jar bob.jar \
            --root . \
            --archive \
            --platform ${{ matrix.platform }} \
            --variant release \
            --bundle-format ${{ matrix.format }} \
            --bundle-output build/${{ matrix.platform }} \
            resolve build bundle

      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: build-${{ matrix.platform }}
          path: build/${{ matrix.platform }}

java -jar bob.jar --archive --platform arm64-android --variant release \
  --bundle-format apk --bundle-output build/android \
  --keystore release.keystore --keystore-pass "$KEYSTORE_PASS" \
  --keystore-alias release --keystore-alias-pass "$ALIAS_PASS" \
  resolve build bundle

VERSION="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}"     # v1.4.2 → 1.4.2
cat > ci.settings <<EOF
[project]
version = $VERSION
EOF

语义化版本：MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH
1.4.2
│ │ └── 修复（兼容）
│ └──── 新功能（兼容）
└────── 不兼容变更
预发布：1.5.0-rc.1

      - name: Package
        run: |
          cd build/x86_64-win32
          zip -r game-${{ github.ref_name }}.zip .

      - name: Release
        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
        with:
          files: build/x86_64-win32/game-${{ github.ref_name }}.zip
          generate_release_notes: true

1. 包内不含调试符号与测试资源
2. 版本号与 git tag 一致
3. 关键资源存在（如 main.collection、启动脚本）

# 检查产物中的版本号
unzip -p build/game.zip game.project | grep -A1 "\[project\]"

luarocks install luacheck
luacheck modules/ --globals go msg vmath sys gui factory --no-max-line-length

# selene.toml
std = "lua51"

[lints]
undefined_variable = "warn"
shadowing = "warn"

# .git/hooks/pre-commit
#!/bin/sh
set -e

echo "== luacheck =="
luacheck modules/ --globals go msg vmath sys gui factory

echo "== busted =="
busted

echo "== 检查通过 =="

# 用 stylua 统一格式，消除不同编辑器配置带来的 diff 噪音
stylua --indent-type Spaces --indent-width 4 modules/