ASP.NET Core Web 开发

// Program.cs 最小宿主
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// 1. 注册服务（依赖注入容器）
builder.Services.AddControllers();
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

var app = builder.Build();

// 2. 组装中间件管线（顺序即执行顺序）
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseSwagger();
    app.UseSwaggerUI();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapControllers();

// 3. 启动监听
app.Run();

{
  "Kestrel": {
    "Endpoints": {
      "Http": {
        "Url": "http://*:8080",
        "Protocols": "Http1AndHttp2"
      },
      "Https": {
        "Url": "https://*:8443",
        "Certificate": {
          "Path": "/etc/certs/myapp.pfx",
          "Password": "secret"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// appsettings.json
{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "Default": "Server=db;Database=Shop;User Id=sa;Password=xxx"
  },
  "Jwt": {
    "Issuer": "plume",
    "ExpireHours": 24
  }
}

// Options 模式：强类型绑定
public class JwtOptions
{
    public string Issuer { get; set; }
    public int ExpireHours { get; set; }
}

builder.Services.Configure<JwtOptions>(builder.Configuration.GetSection("Jwt"));

// 注入并使用结构化日志
public class WeatherService(ILogger<WeatherService> logger)
{
    public async Task<Weather> GetAsync(string city)
    {
        logger.LogInformation("查询天气 {City} 于 {Time}",
            city, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow);
        return await _api.GetAsync(city);
    }
}

// appsettings.json 中的级别过滤
{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
    }
  }
}

[ApiController]
[Route("api/orders")]
public class OrdersController(OrderService service) : ControllerBase
{
    [HttpGet("{id:int}")]
    public async Task<ActionResult<Order>> GetById(int id)
    {
        var order = await service.GetAsync(id);
        return order is null ? NotFound() : Ok(order);
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<ActionResult<Order>> Create(
        [FromBody] CreateOrderRequest request)
    {
        var created = await service.CreateAsync(request);
        return CreatedAtAction(nameof(GetById), new { id = created.Id }, created);
    }
}

// Minimal API 等价形式
app.MapGet("/api/orders/{id:int}", async (int id, OrderService svc) =>
{
    var order = await svc.GetAsync(id);
    return order is null ? Results.NotFound() : Results.Ok(order);
});

var app = builder.Build();

// 静态文件：wwwroot 下的资源
app.UseStaticFiles();

// 会话：需要先启用才能注入 IHttpContextAccessor / ISession
app.UseSession();

// 响应压缩：按 Accept-Encoding 压缩
app.UseResponseCompression();

// 请求限流：保护端点
app.UseRateLimiter();

# 发布为框架依赖，配合 Nginx 反代
dotnet publish -c Release -o /app/publish

# Nginx 反代片段
# location / {
#     proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
#     proxy_set_header Host $host;
#     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# }

// 健康检查端点
builder.Services.AddHealthChecks();

var app = builder.Build();
app.MapHealthChecks("/healthz");

// 生产开关：HTTPS 重定向 + 转发头
if (app.Environment.IsProduction())
{
    app.UseForwardedHeaders(new ForwardedHeadersOptions
    {
        ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor
                          | ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedProto
    });
}